Can Right-Wing Groups Win Over Disenchanted Korean Youth?

In South Korea, a rally for former President Yoon Suk Yeol, currently imprisoned on insurrection charges, drew thousands of enthusiastic young supporters who rallied around a picture of him. This phenomenon reflects a growing polarisation among youth towards right-wing ideologies, as many feel disillusioned with the current political landscape. The youth group Freedom University has emerged as a key player in this movement, positioning Yoon as an unlikely hero despite his controversial actions during his presidency.

Last updated: 15 October 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

Currently, South Korea is witnessing a notable shift in youth political engagement, driven largely by the activities of Freedom University. This right-wing youth group, which supports the imprisoned Yoon Suk Yeol, has rapidly gained traction among disillusioned young adults. Their rallies, characterised by strong anti-left sentiments and nationalistic slogans, are drawing attention to the frustrations felt by many regarding economic and social conditions in the country. The dichotomy between the supporters of Yoon and the broader public sentiment illustrates a deepening division in South Korean society.

Key takeaways

• Yoon Suk Yeol's imprisonment has paradoxically turned him into a martyr for some young South Koreans.
• Freedom University, a right-wing youth group, is mobilising thousands despite low public support for their views.
• Younger generations express profound dissatisfaction with the political status quo and economic opportunities.

Timeline: how we got here

The political landscape in South Korea has been tumultuous, particularly since the following key events:

• 3 December 2022: Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law in a bid to reverse his dwindling political fortunes.
• 4 December 2022: His martial law declaration was swiftly blocked by public protests and parliamentary action.
• January 2023: Yoon was impeached and subsequently arrested on charges of insurrection.
• September 2023: Freedom University gained notoriety after orchestrating high-profile rallies in support of Yoon.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

Recent rallies led by Freedom University have highlighted the increasing polarisation within South Korea, particularly among younger voters who feel neglected by the established political parties. This has been accompanied by a rise in anti-Chinese sentiments, particularly as economic conditions worsen for the youth.

What was already established

The dissatisfaction with the ruling Democratic Party has been an ongoing narrative, with many young South Koreans feeling that economic policies have failed to deliver tangible benefits. The rise of Freedom University exemplifies a shift towards right-wing politics as a reaction against the perceived failures of left-leaning governance.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

While the political turmoil in South Korea may seem distant, it raises questions about the global trend of youth disillusionment with political systems. UK observers may find parallels in the experiences of young Britons facing economic uncertainties and political discontent.

Businesses and jobs

For businesses, the rise of populist movements can lead to unstable economic conditions. Companies with ties to South Korea may need to navigate a complex political landscape that could affect trade and investments.

Policy and regulation

The situation highlights the importance of understanding how political movements evolve and gain traction. Policymakers in the UK can learn from South Korea's experience about the implications of youth engagement and political polarisation.

Numbers that matter

• 27%: The percentage of South Koreans who reportedly support Yoon Suk Yeol, reflecting a significant minority sentiment.
• 75%: The proportion of young South Koreans who believe the economy is in poor shape compared to previous generations.
• 1-2%: The growth rate of South Korea's economy since the pandemic, indicating economic stagnation.

Definitions and jargon buster

• Impeachment: A process by which a sitting president can be charged with misconduct and removed from office.
• Martial law: The imposition of military control over normal civilian functions of government.
• Sinophobia: Dislike of or prejudice against China or Chinese people.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

In the immediate future, observers should monitor Freedom University's activities, including any upcoming rallies and their impact on public opinion regarding Yoon and the government.

Medium term (1–6 months)

As the political climate evolves, it will be crucial to assess how the government's response to rising polarisation affects youth engagement and political discourse.

Signals to watch

• Changes in public opinion polls regarding support for Yoon and the Democratic Party.
• Future rallies and protests organised by Freedom University or similar groups.
• Government responses to rising anti-Chinese sentiment and related policies.

Practical guidance

Do

• Stay informed about political developments in South Korea for potential global implications.
• Engage with diverse perspectives to understand the root causes of youth discontent.

Don’t

• Avoid generalising the political sentiments of South Korean youth based on limited information.
• Don't overlook the potential for increased polarisation to influence international relations.

Checklist

• Follow major news outlets for updates on South Korea’s political situation.
• Engage with academic analyses of youth political movements globally.
• Track social media trends related to Freedom University and similar groups.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

The evolving political landscape in South Korea presents inherent uncertainties. The public's views on Yoon and Freedom University could change rapidly, influenced by economic conditions, government policies, and external events. Additionally, the polarisation reflected in these movements may lead to social unrest or further political instability, necessitating careful observation.

Bottom line

The situation surrounding Yoon Suk Yeol and the rise of Freedom University illustrates a significant shift in the political landscape among South Korean youth. As disillusionment with established political parties grows, understanding these dynamics will be crucial for assessing future developments in both South Korea and potentially similar contexts globally.

FAQs

Why is Yoon Suk Yeol significant to South Korean youth?

Yoon Suk Yeol has become a symbol of rebellion for some young South Koreans who feel neglected by the political establishment, particularly after his controversial impeachment and imprisonment.

What is Freedom University?

Freedom University is a right-wing youth group in South Korea that supports Yoon Suk Yeol and opposes the perceived failings of leftist governance, mobilising thousands in rallies.

What economic issues are South Korean youth facing?

Young South Koreans are experiencing economic difficulties, with high housing costs, low income growth, and a pessimistic outlook on their future compared to previous generations.