Why Did China Dismiss Nine Military Officials Before a Major Political Meeting?

The recent removal of 19 officials, including nine military leaders, from China's legislative body ahead of the National People's Congress (NPC) meeting highlights the ongoing anti-corruption efforts under President Xi Jinping. This move, which follows the ousting of high-ranking general Zhang Youxia, raises questions about political stability and the potential impact on military leadership as China approaches critical policy discussions.

Last updated: 03 March 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

The National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee has announced the removal of 19 officials, including significant military figures, just days before the annual Two Sessions political meetings in Beijing. This decision, while lacking a clear explanation, aligns with President Xi Jinping's long-standing agenda to combat corruption within the Communist Party and the military. The removals come amid heightened scrutiny of military leadership, particularly following the dismissal of Zhang Youxia, who served as Xi's top general.

Key takeaways

19 officials removed from the NPC, including nine military leaders.
No official reason provided for the removals, but it follows the ousting of General Zhang Youxia.
The anti-corruption campaign is a central theme of Xi Jinping's governance since 2013.

Timeline: how we got here

The recent developments can be traced back to several key moments in Xi Jinping's administration:

2013: Xi Jinping launches the "tigers and flies" anti-corruption campaign targeting high-ranking and low-level officials.
October 2025: A significant crackdown results in the removal of nine top generals from their posts.
February 2023: General Zhang Youxia is dismissed amid allegations of "serious violations of discipline and law."
March 2023: The NPC removes 19 officials, including military leaders, ahead of the Two Sessions meetings.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

The latest removals from the NPC include high-profile military commanders such as Li Qiaoming, the commander of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Ground Force, and Shen Jinlong, a former PLA Navy commander. This significant shake-up indicates ongoing instability within military ranks.

What was already established

Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign, initiated in 2013, has seen thousands of officials disciplined, with critics suggesting it serves as a means to eliminate political rivals. The recent actions are seen as part of this broader strategy as Xi consolidates his power ahead of the Two Sessions.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

While the events in China may seem distant, the implications of leadership instability can affect global trade dynamics, influencing prices and access to goods. The UK's economic ties with China mean that shifts in policy and governance could have a ripple effect on the UK market.

Businesses and jobs

For UK businesses operating in or trading with China, the potential for policy shifts following these removals may necessitate reassessments of risk and strategy. Companies should be prepared for possible disruptions in trade, especially in sectors heavily reliant on Chinese manufacturing.

Policy and regulation

The UK's diplomatic approach to China may also be influenced by these developments. The government may need to consider the ramifications of China's internal politics on bilateral relations, particularly in areas like trade agreements and international cooperation.

Numbers that matter

19 officials removed from the NPC, marking a significant shake-up in governance.
At least 9 military leaders dismissed, indicating a focus on military integrity.
Thousands of delegates expected at the Two Sessions, reflecting the importance of upcoming policy announcements.

Definitions and jargon buster

NPC: National People's Congress, China's top legislative body.
PLA: People's Liberation Army, the combined military forces of China.
Anti-corruption campaign: Government initiative aimed at reducing corruption within the Communist Party and state institutions.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

Expect to see announcements regarding policies and economic targets during the Two Sessions, which may provide insight into the direction of Xi's administration and how it plans to address corruption and governance issues.

Medium term (1–6 months)

Monitor any further changes in military and political leadership in China, as these may indicate shifts in policy or strategy that could impact UK-China relations and global markets.

Signals to watch

Outcomes from the Two Sessions, particularly policy announcements and economic targets.
Reactions from the international community, particularly in trade and diplomatic engagements.

Practical guidance

Do

Stay informed about developments in China and their potential impact on global markets.
Reassess business strategies and risk management in relation to Chinese economic policies.

Don’t

Ignore the implications of political changes in China on your business or investments.
Assume stability in Chinese governance; be prepared for rapid changes.

Checklist

Review your supply chain for exposure to Chinese markets.
Stay updated on international trade policies that may affect your business.
Engage with trade associations for insights on navigating the changing landscape.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

The motivations behind the recent removals remain unclear, leading to speculation about the stability of Xi Jinping's leadership. While the anti-corruption campaign is framed as a fight against graft, critics argue that it could also be a means to eliminate rivals. The evolving political landscape in China poses risks for businesses and investors who may find themselves navigating an unpredictable environment.

Bottom line

The recent purge of officials in China underscores the ongoing struggle against corruption within the Communist Party, with significant implications for the military and governance ahead of the Two Sessions. For the UK, staying alert to these developments is essential as they could shape economic and diplomatic relations in the coming months.

FAQs

What is the significance of the NPC in China?

The National People's Congress (NPC) is China's top legislative body responsible for enacting laws and shaping national policy, making its meetings crucial for understanding the country's governance.

How does the anti-corruption campaign affect the military?

The anti-corruption campaign aims to ensure integrity within the military, but it also serves as a tool for political consolidation, potentially leading to instability in military leadership.

Why are these removals important for international relations?

Changes in China's leadership can impact international trade and geopolitical dynamics, making it vital for countries like the UK to monitor these developments closely.