What Caused the Bizarre Fleshy Bubbles on This US Deer?

This year has presented several perplexing health issues for wildlife in the United States, particularly with alarming reports of 'Frankenstein' rabbits and 'zombie' squirrels. Recently, deer in states like New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin have been spotted with unusual fleshy growths. However, these growths are attributable to deer cutaneous fibroma, a benign viral infection often referred to as deer warts, which does not pose a threat to humans or other species.

Last updated: 19 October 2023 (BST)

Key Takeaways

• Deer with unusual growths are experiencing deer cutaneous fibroma, commonly known as deer warts.
• This benign condition is primarily found in young white-tailed and mule deer.
• The growths are not harmful to humans but can affect the deer’s mobility and health.
• Transmission occurs through biting insects and direct contact with infected deer.
• In most cases, deer recover from the infection without intervention.

Understanding Deer Cutaneous Fibroma

Deer cutaneous fibroma, or deer warts, is caused by a type of virus known as a papillomavirus. This condition primarily affects young deer, particularly white-tailed and mule deer. The viral infection manifests as wart-like growths on the skin, which can vary significantly in size—from as small as a pea to as large as a football.

Symptoms and Effects on Deer

Infected deer typically develop multiple hairless tumours on their heads, necks, and forelegs. While these growths can appear alarming, they do not usually cause the deer any pain. However, they can hinder the animal's ability to walk, eat, or see effectively.

Interestingly, deer are generally able to overcome this infection naturally within a few months, as the tumours usually dry up and fall off. Social media users have documented this recovery process, with one noting how their deer returned to normal after a few months.

Transmission and Causes

The transmission of deer cutaneous fibroma occurs primarily through biting insects such as mosquitoes. This makes the summer and autumn months particularly risky for deer, as insect populations peak during these seasons. Additionally, direct contact between deer can facilitate the spread of the virus, especially as they often share feeding grounds and trails.

Interestingly, the disease is more commonly observed in male deer, leading researchers to suggest that fighting among males may contribute to the transmission of the virus. The Cornell Wildlife Health Lab has pointed out this behavioural aspect, highlighting how physical contact can facilitate the spread.

Management and Recommendations

While there is no known cure for deer warts, it is generally advised that humans refrain from interfering with infected deer. If a deer appears to be struggling significantly due to the warts, contacting a local wildlife agency is the recommended course of action. The Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife even advises hunters to skin any deer they harvest that show signs of infection.

Public Concerns and Historical Context

The recent surge in sightings of deer with these unusual growths has sparked public concern, reminiscent of previous scares. In 2019, viral social media posts erroneously linked similar-looking deer to a brand of weedkiller; however, such claims have been debunked. These public fears often stem from misunderstandings about wildlife health and the implications of such infections.

The Role of Climate Change

As climate change progresses, researchers like Dr Omer Awan from the University of Maryland School of Medicine suggest that we may witness more incidences of unusual animal health conditions. Warmer temperatures can lead to increased populations of blood-sucking insects, such as mosquitoes, which are integral in the transmission of these viruses.

Moreover, Dr Awan notes that the rise in documented cases may not solely be due to an increase in infections but also due to heightened awareness and sharing of information via social media platforms. This facilitates greater discussion and visibility of wildlife health issues.

Understanding Papillomaviruses

Many mammals, including humans, have their own versions of papillomavirus infections. In humans, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is known for causing genital warts and is often transmitted through sexual contact. In wildlife, such as cottontail rabbits, papillomaviruses can lead to similar growths, further underscoring the viral connections between species.

Conclusion: What Happens Next?

Monitoring the health of wildlife, particularly in the face of emerging infections like deer cutaneous fibroma, is essential for ecological balance and public health. While the current situation may appear alarming, it is crucial to approach it with informed understanding rather than panic. As we continue to confront climate change and its impacts, the behaviour and health of wildlife will likely remain a topic of interest and concern.

With the rise of social media, it is vital to ensure that accurate information prevails over sensationalised narratives. Wildlife health issues such as deer warts remind us of the interconnectedness of our environment and the importance of protecting it for future generations. How will we adapt our understanding and management of wildlife health in an evolving climate?

#WildlifeHealth #DeerWarts #ClimateChangeImpact

FAQs

What causes deer cutaneous fibroma?

Deer cutaneous fibroma is caused by a type of virus known as a papillomavirus, which leads to the development of wart-like growths on the skin of deer.

Is deer cutaneous fibroma harmful to humans?

No, deer cutaneous fibroma is a benign condition that does not pose a threat to humans or other species.

How do deer get infected with fibroma?

Infection occurs primarily through biting insects like mosquitoes or through direct contact with infected deer.

What should I do if I see a deer with warts?

It is generally advised to leave the deer alone, but if the animal appears to be suffering significantly, you should contact a local wildlife agency for guidance.

How long does it take for deer to recover from cutaneous fibroma?

Most deer recover from cutaneous fibroma within a few months, as the growths typically dry up and fall off without intervention.